Refraction and Total Internal Reflection
(on my kitchen counter)
The pencil appears to bend because of refraction
From a different viewpoint, three pencil images are seen, reflected from the flat surfaces of the glass. The images are due to total internal reflection.
I wet my fingers and placed them in contact with the glass. You can see the wet fingers (tiny images) across the TIR pencil images. This is "frustrated" total internal reflection. Note the large finger images below, looking through the glass and water at a different angle.